I'll have to rewatch at least that scene. I thought they were doing a cool thing with the deck plating orientation when the camera started spinning but by the time they got to the bottom, the hatch that had been in the floor was in the ceiling of the level below, so I'm almost positive they didn't do anything clever. If they were playing with gravity orientation the hatch would be on the floor on both sides or something. And yeah, that would have been very unexpected on a Starfleet ship. I thought perhaps the trick was going to have something to do with the gravity plating in the hatch itself or something, but it just didn't materialize.
The go-juice having an effect on their reaction speeds only would be slightly better. When Chapel punched a Klingon in the head ridges and we heard a snapping sound, I assumed it was her fingers breaking; if the drug just made them react faster, not move faster, it wouldn't be tearing them up in the process like that. But there wasn't anything to tell us one way or the other, and yeah, the bigger question is, if it doesn't have any massive and immediate side effects, why have we never heard of it before.
But if it had trailed off and left them with numerous broken bones and internal injuries and barely conscious, I wouldn't have to ask why we don't regularly see it around. Like the Federation or Klingons wouldn't use it, but you know the Romulans, Cardassians, Orions, etc. would love it.