-Andorians: They're BLUE! The antenna gives them mild extra sensory perception (and I don't mean like telekinesis. I mean like sonar.) the rugged world makes them slightly stronger than humans, and better adapted to cold weather.
Andorians also marry in groups of four (established in canon), which the novels have expanded to suggest that they actually have four sexes (
zhen and
shen look feminine, and
chan and
thaan look masculine).
A lot of species in Star Trek have "abilities" that are more based on their cultural upbringing, like Vulcan emotional control, Bajoran serenity, Ferengi business acumen, or the Cardassian love of intricate wordplay and social intrigue (which means that a member of another species raised in that culture would inherit the same traits, while a member of that species raised elsewhere would assimilate into their new culture).
(Remember that a culture is basically a form of selective pressure: some behaviours are rewarded, others are punished, and others are "neutral." Klingons are not
inherently aggressive honour-obsessed brutes, but their culture
rewards those who demonstrate those qualities [either naturally or because they train themselves to play the part]. Physically weak, risk-averse, or cheerfully friendly Klingons absolutely exist, but they won't get very far in society, meaning they won't get to interact much with outsiders.)
That includes humans; it seems that 24th-century humans (especially those that find their way into Starfleet) are all fascinated by history (see Tom Paris and his mismash of 20th-century Americana, Pavel Chekov's equally confused mix of Soviet-era trivia, Jean-Luc's fascinations with archeology and the Picard family legacy, or Ben Sisko's familiarity with the 20th and 21st-century civil rights movements [from Martin Luther King Jr. to the Sanctuary Districts]). It's a writer's trick to allow some connection to modern audiences (and a way to allow plot exposition), but it happens often enough that it's been commented on in-universe as a distinctly human trait.
Note that Worf (who was raised among humans) tends to have a deeper and more comprehensive grasp of Klingon history and culture than many Klingons who went to school on Qo'noS (though he lacks the pragmatism and streetwisdom [and internalized Klingon sexism] that he would have gained from growing up around other Klingons). A lot of that comes from Worf's own personal studies, but it still wouldn't have been possible in a culture that didn't highly value historical education.
The novels also introduce T'Ryssa Chen; a half-Vulcan (like Spock) raised on Earth by her human mother. She has the physical capabilities of a Vulcan (increased strength, resistance to heat, telepathic ability), but none of the social cues (she is highly emotional, undisciplined, and something of a disaster-gremlin) --but she
does have the human love of history and culture (she grew up reading about [and identifying with] Elves and seems to be an expert in Earth fantasy fiction).